Improving the Nutritive Value of Cocoa-Pod by Chemical Treatment.
Two 'In Situ' studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of cocoa-pod ash solutions (PAS) as an alkali for treating cocoa-pods. Feed intake and overall nutrient digestibility of PAS - treated cocoa-pod based diet by cheep and goats were evaluated in two separate trials. In a scre...
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Obafemi Awolowo University
2014
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| Online dostop: | http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2546 |
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| _version_ | 1810764569018105856 |
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| author | Osafo, Emmanuel Lartey Kwame |
| author2 | Smith, O. B. |
| author_facet | Smith, O. B. Osafo, Emmanuel Lartey Kwame |
| author_sort | Osafo, Emmanuel Lartey Kwame |
| collection | DSpace |
| description | Two 'In Situ' studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of cocoa-pod ash solutions (PAS) as an alkali for treating cocoa-pods. Feed intake and overall nutrient digestibility of PAS - treated cocoa-pod based diet by cheep and goats were evaluated in two separate trials. In a screening trial, 5g oven dried and untreated cocoa-pod (Upod) or cocoa-pod treated (1:1 volume/weight) with either 4 levels of NaOH, 2, 4, 6 and 8% or corresponding strengths of PAS, P2, P4, P6 and P8 were weighed into nylon bags (2* pore diameter) and incubated for 24 hours in the rumen of two cannulated adult dwarf sheep fed a 50% cocoa-pod diet. Results showed NDF, ADF and Lignin were reduced (P<.05) by increasing PAS or NaOH treatment. Both NaOH and PAS improved (P<.05) degradability of dry matter, NDF and ADF.
The % Dry Matter Loss (EMI') were 25.9, 52.1, 54.4 and 55.2 for Upod, 8% NaOH, P6 and P8 respectively. A second trial to compare degradability of Upod, dewaxed cocoa-pod (DWH), 8% NaOH (N8), P6 and P8 treated cocoa-pod after 24 and 48 hour incubation revealed degradation of nutrients was improved by both PAS and NaOH treatment and the degradation was completed in 24 hours for alkali treated pods. A 50% cocoa-pod based diet in which cocoa- pod were either untreated (Upod) or treated with P8 (Test diet 1) were fed to 12 sheep and 12 goats. In a second trial, the cocoa-pods were treated with P2, P4, P6 PAS, and designated Test 2, Test diet 3 and Test diet 4 respectively. Results showed intake of test diet 1 was reduced (P< .05). Digestibility was however improved in both sheep and goats fed Test diet 1. Feed intakes improved when lower levels of PAS treated feed were fed in second trial. Water consumption and volume of urine were significantly higher in animals fed treated diets. These results suggest cocoa-pod ash solutions could be used as a solution for treating cocoa-pods and other fibrous feeds to enhance utilization by livestock. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:ir.oauife.edu.ng:123456789-2546 |
| institution | My University |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | Obafemi Awolowo University |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oai:ir.oauife.edu.ng:123456789-25462023-05-13T11:04:28Z Improving the Nutritive Value of Cocoa-Pod by Chemical Treatment. Osafo, Emmanuel Lartey Kwame Smith, O. B. cocoa-pod chemical treatment Two 'In Situ' studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of cocoa-pod ash solutions (PAS) as an alkali for treating cocoa-pods. Feed intake and overall nutrient digestibility of PAS - treated cocoa-pod based diet by cheep and goats were evaluated in two separate trials. In a screening trial, 5g oven dried and untreated cocoa-pod (Upod) or cocoa-pod treated (1:1 volume/weight) with either 4 levels of NaOH, 2, 4, 6 and 8% or corresponding strengths of PAS, P2, P4, P6 and P8 were weighed into nylon bags (2* pore diameter) and incubated for 24 hours in the rumen of two cannulated adult dwarf sheep fed a 50% cocoa-pod diet. Results showed NDF, ADF and Lignin were reduced (P<.05) by increasing PAS or NaOH treatment. Both NaOH and PAS improved (P<.05) degradability of dry matter, NDF and ADF. The % Dry Matter Loss (EMI') were 25.9, 52.1, 54.4 and 55.2 for Upod, 8% NaOH, P6 and P8 respectively. A second trial to compare degradability of Upod, dewaxed cocoa-pod (DWH), 8% NaOH (N8), P6 and P8 treated cocoa-pod after 24 and 48 hour incubation revealed degradation of nutrients was improved by both PAS and NaOH treatment and the degradation was completed in 24 hours for alkali treated pods. A 50% cocoa-pod based diet in which cocoa- pod were either untreated (Upod) or treated with P8 (Test diet 1) were fed to 12 sheep and 12 goats. In a second trial, the cocoa-pods were treated with P2, P4, P6 PAS, and designated Test 2, Test diet 3 and Test diet 4 respectively. Results showed intake of test diet 1 was reduced (P< .05). Digestibility was however improved in both sheep and goats fed Test diet 1. Feed intakes improved when lower levels of PAS treated feed were fed in second trial. Water consumption and volume of urine were significantly higher in animals fed treated diets. These results suggest cocoa-pod ash solutions could be used as a solution for treating cocoa-pods and other fibrous feeds to enhance utilization by livestock. 2014-05-16T14:10:50Z 2018-10-27T13:51:41Z 2014-05-16T14:10:50Z 2018-10-27T13:51:41Z 1985 Thesis APA http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2546 en PDF application/pdf Obafemi Awolowo University |
| spellingShingle | cocoa-pod chemical treatment Osafo, Emmanuel Lartey Kwame Improving the Nutritive Value of Cocoa-Pod by Chemical Treatment. |
| title | Improving the Nutritive Value of Cocoa-Pod by Chemical Treatment. |
| title_full | Improving the Nutritive Value of Cocoa-Pod by Chemical Treatment. |
| title_fullStr | Improving the Nutritive Value of Cocoa-Pod by Chemical Treatment. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improving the Nutritive Value of Cocoa-Pod by Chemical Treatment. |
| title_short | Improving the Nutritive Value of Cocoa-Pod by Chemical Treatment. |
| title_sort | improving the nutritive value of cocoa pod by chemical treatment |
| topic | cocoa-pod chemical treatment |
| url | http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2546 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT osafoemmanuellarteykwame improvingthenutritivevalueofcocoapodbychemicaltreatment |